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Tips 101-115 | Playing Tips 51-100
| Playing Tips 1 -50
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- Carol Kaye
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format. The difference is, you will not be able to reply directly
to what you read here.
We will be keeping the message board current as of a week or so,
so the messages posted here are provided as a permanent record of
Carol's Playing Tips for those who might have missed the original
posts. Enjoy...
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tip
115
"Backing
Up Soloists"
Everyone
knows how to perform (speaking of pianists, bassists and guitar
players here) in back of regular solo instrumentalists, that's a
no-brainer altho' I think that guitar players would do well to get
their comping together more for jazz types of songs - to sound like
a big-band horn section as well as playing clipped up-beat (an's
of 2 and 4) 2-3-string chords, and don't swing it too much, jazz
is not "country swing" but a little smoother in sound,
not so much of the country types of rhythm...this is for smooth
jazz & fusion too as well as straight-ahead serious jazz, don't
swing it so much.
But as soon as a drummer starts soloing, or a percussion instrument,
people seem to wonder what to do. Here's my take:
When a drummer is soloing (and this happens mostly after the
bass player has taken their solo), you want to lay out completely
and
let them have it - everybody lays out. And this works whether the
drummer is taking his 8 bars (after the bass solo, soloists go in
order
of soloing and take 8 bars, alternating with the drummer's solo
8 bars)
or going for broke for the whole tune, a drums-only solo.....
Drummers love to play alone and this usually gives the rest
of the band a good counting lesson too....those 8-bar phrases come
in
handy then. But usually the drummer, sensing that no-one probably
knows
where he is in his solo (if they lose count), will make a definite
ending and may even count out-loud 1-2-3-4 and the band comes back
in -
this works.
If a drummer needs help, the pianist/guitar player and you
the bassist, may do a little stop time at the start of each part
of the
8-bar phrase in a tune, just a little break thing to help indicate
to
the drummer where in the tune they are, but this is delicate, do
with
care and not usually recommended unless the drummer is very new
to this
or likes it.
As
a bass player in a fusion solo (most boogaloo type stuff mixed with
bebop phrases), I'll turn and give the drummer 4 bars and we'll
duet
like that, back and forth, this is fun and does well with audiences
too,
then you let the drummer take it all.
Some experienced drummers even go into other tempos during
their solos, and may even stop during their solos, dramatically
doing
some press rolls or cymbal work - be attentive and listen to what
they're doing as they may want you to come back in soon after they've
stopped and done their technique work, made their point and setting
up
for the rest of the band to come back in.
Now when you the bassist want a solo, it's up to you to
discuss this with the rest of the band before you ever start playing.
Some bassists love to have a chordal instrument along with them...the
chordal instrument (piano or guitar) should play sparingly, just
enough
space between chords so the bass player can say what they want in
a solo
without interference (or attention taken away from their solo).
Some
bassists want you to lay out entirely, both the keyboard and the
drummer.
When I'm playing guitar with a great bass player I'll usually
lay out and let them have it alone....it sounds good and you've
given
them space. But not many bass players like it without something
happening (and tell the drummer exactly what you want too, maybe
just a spare brush on a cymbal here and there for backup, not much
from
the drummer).
If
I sense the bass player is in trouble (forgets where they are in
the
tune, playing some wrong chords or ?), I'll sparingly comp just
2-3
voice chords on guitar, and leave them alone say...in the bridge,
or 1/2
the tune. That way it sounds arranged, giving the bass player space
to
play without leaving them totally alone.
How to stop other musicians from playing from you as you play
a bass solo? Just say "I've got it", try that and if it
doesn't work,
say "lay out", they'll get it and there's usually no problem.
And the
best way to end a bass solo is to walk on the end, the last 4 bars
and
the band knows you're ending and that sounds really cool (no matter
how
your solo went, if you end well, all's well) and the audience likes
that too, they know where to applaud a bass solo. Make sure you
have
some good bebop jazz phrases to play for a solo, don't make it "snooze
time"...it doesn't have to be fast, but tasty...listen to Ron
Carter,
Ray Brown and Bob Cranshaw, (and Nathan East and Steve Bailey for
the
fusion things) for some ideas.
When I solo on the bass, I usually like nothing with me, no
drummer, nothing. Musicians used to automatically know what to do
as
they seemed to be more in-tune with each other, concentrating and
really
listening to each other all the time, more than they do in today's
"visual" world in general. Listening to each other is
the real key to
what others are doing and what they want from you, a good habit
to develop.
As I was playing with one bass player who was a little "under
the weather", not a bad bass player but wasn't with it that
night -- I
was helping him a little bit comping slightly on guitar...he looked
at
me and said "lay out", which was fine - no problem.......but
I knew
(from experience) what was going to happen and he got lost totally
- the
rest of us sort of looked at each other and I just took charge and
brought us all in together to put a cap on his solo and he was grateful
for that....the audience had no idea what happened but applauded.
You
do what you have to do, but do respect your band-mate's wishes,
and
don't initiate any kind of "blame", that happens sometimes...you
just
have to make it "right" and the outcome is fine.
So if you're soloing on bass (and even on other instruments)
and you get lost, just start walking as if it's the end of the tune
and
the band will get it and come back in, no problem....but also, if
you
get lost, look at someone, let them play a chord (they usually will),
or
just do your walking, everyone will hear and join in then. If you
get
lost in the tune when others are playing, keep playing chromatic
notes
until you find the chord (you'll be looking furiously at the pianists'
left hand by now!) and you'll be OK, everyone does that.
Also,
do not drink (much), don't do drugs, etc...and those things
probably wouldn't happen then - you need your whole faculties to
play
well, get the signals spot-on etc. You've got to keep your mind
about
you if you step out on a limb soloing etc., you might not have anyone
to
save you who knows what to do, these tips will help you.
For a percussion solo, you can join in but watch his/her
reaction, if they give you a sign to lay out....lay out then.....
drummers and percussionists love absolutely nothing with them
but when the solo starts getting too long, then play a riff and
the rest
of the band will join in and help bring it to a close. Percussion
solos
sometimes get too long too unless it looks like the audience is
really
into it.
One bass player told me that one of the soloists in their
band ran on and on and on many times with the solo, it was quite
boring
to the musicians and the audience. I told them what to do: Play
a stop
time riff pattern, like it's the "last time" on their
solo...you can start to do this on the bridge or the last 8 bars
of the
tune, and it helps bring their soloing to a close and sounds like
part
of the arrangement....don't count on just the drummer to play a
fill to
end the solo, but with all of you playing a creative riff, it sounds
better, and signals to the soloist "your time is up"....and
it all works
out. Sometimes soloists have no idea their effect on the audience,
and
sometimes lose count on their solo times too, you have to remind
them,
and that's a graceful way of doing it.
Now if you're a guitar player playing with the pianist, this
is a tough one. First of all, comp very lightly (usually 2-3 strings
clipped short on the an of 2 and 4 beats) until you psyche out the
way
the piano player comps, the pianist being the most-important of
the two
of you - unless the pianist has no idea what to do in comping, then
you
have to take charge (if you really know how to comp, rememer...create
like a horn section).
Just
stay out of the pianists' way when they solo and comp. And
sometimes it helps for you to lay out completely, even 1-2 times
through
for their solo on piano.
Sometimes I will play even a bongo effect (like Barney Kessel
used to do) for about 1 chorus, and then lay back out...but you
better
have your sense of time together to be able to do that and if you
get a
dirty look from the drummer, just stop, you might be off the beat.
The
bongo effect works if you really have your time-sense together (practice
with the elec. metronome beating on 2 and 4) and adds some color
to the
sound of the tune.
If you're a guitar player soloing, I'm sure the pianist will
back you up just fine - they may play a little too full maybe --
have a
talk with them afterwards....let them know how to comp in back of
you.
You may have to tell the drummer to play a little more quietly
(especially if it's jazz), they might be used to the fuller sound
of the
piano.
Musicians, especially if they play well, are always glad to
accomodate anyone with their requests, no problem. You're all there
to
make the group sound good no matter what it takes, the band is not
for a
"showcase" for any egoist soloist or singer - altho' if
you
have a star-soloist, no problem, let them shine -- but as a unit
working together, that's when you have the most success, the most
gigs,
and have the best nights playing on gigs too.
Sure we all make mistakes here and there, but usually the
public doesn't know it. The art is how you cover the mistakes (don't
think about it and practice your facial moves in front of a mirror
sometime), and keep going with something no matter what. When you're
able to do this, it'll be fine, and you'd be surprised what good
stuff
comes off as a recourse of making the music happen. It's all team-work
for the betterment of the sounds of the group as a whole.
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tip
114
Q.
How do I get my jazz chordal progression theory together? By the
practical ways of starting with the Cycle for instance (as well
as more on jazz foundation theory). There's only one cycle, the
chordal progression: C to F to Bb to Eb to Ab Db Gb(F#) to B to
E A D G to C. Notice how it goes with the key signatures too --
F is 1 flat, Bb 2 flats and so forth....B is 5 sharps, E is 4 sharps
and so on down. A back-cycle is going backward on the cycle -- Em////
B7(the back-cycle chord)//// to Em///.
It's
highly important to learn the Cycle of Chordal Progression as most
tunes have chords that usually go in cycles for awhile....For instance
if you're playing chords and the chords are going G//// E7//// Am/////
D7//// G////
The
E7 back to G is ALL Cyclic.....perfect cycle. Inversions are simply
different chordal notes on the bottom, not used that much on bass
but it's important to know that's what they are called: G chord
R 3 5 R G B D G (root inversion it's sometimes called) 1st inversion
is: 3 5 R 3 B D G B 2nd inversion 5 R 3 5 D G B D and so on with
all the chords (you play them and don't need to "name"
them....the more you put in your hands/ear connection and the less
you put in your "technical naming", the better)....the
word "inversion" is used a lot on guitar, piano, sax,
etc. but not that much on bass actually.
Progressions
are just that, chord changes usually something to do with the cycle
(see above). It's best to not get too technical ("this has
got to fit into that") and more important to hone in on the
real soloing - I teach a different way in the sense I get you going
immediately knowing all this stuff and using it in walking on chord
charts (even if you haven't had years of theory, you can learn this
rather practical and find it easy to get started right) and I don't
fool around with so many technical terms that don't mean that much
in actual playing.
Many
kinds of funky-rock-blues-soul etc. patterns are all in my books
and of course the Jazz Improv For Bass and Pro's Jazz Phrases (as
well as Elec. Bass Lines No. 6) have fine jazz patterns also. The
word "shapes" is sort of a new term - not used that much
in actual teaching I think....meaning the chordal note shapes....more
for guitar. Not that necessary for bass...and is taking the place
of the former "box" term imo -- chordal notes used to
be called that.
>>>Do
you recommend a good exercise for learning the fingerboard? Also,
could you tell me a little about playing on the "2 and 4"
beats in jazz.<<<
Just
more of my books....you will certainly know your neck once you go
through my books -- try getting all of the books, the prices are
low and there's plenty of stock. No, while "Jazz Bass Tape
& Guide" is excellent, gives you the great theory you need
to get going, to really get to know your neck and get more of what
you need, I'd go for more books. Hard to learn it all from one item.
Music
takes awhile to learn - a few 1,000 hours of practice to really
be dept at all styles of playing....especially if you're trying
to learn your neck but it doesn't take "years"....just
merely months -- I'd go for the "How To Play The Elec. Bass"
(don't be fooled by the title, plenty of nitty in there to play),
and "Electric Bass Lines Nos. 1-2-3-4-5-6" you'll have
enough to work on for awhile and enjoy the music too...there's no
dumb stuff in there, and yet some parts of all the books are very
easy...enough versatility in them all to help you get going and
good meat for your studies.
No,
you don't accent 2 and 4, altho' some people mistakenly think you
do in order to get the "groove" going....the drummer does
the 2 and 4 and the bass player has to have his great time sense
really correct and play slightly on top of the beat (not rushing,
but on the upside of the beat, rather than dead in the middle for
playing jazz -- we used to call it the "Ray Brown Edge"...Ray
is right, that's where you play and he does NOT accent 2 and 4 at
all).
I
think your questions are very pertinent and with your permission
would love to post this whole message on the Board. Yes, I'd highly
recommend the Jazz Improv For Bass along with Pro's Jazz Phrases
its companion book -- nothing like it....no-one knows this complete
knowledge gained from playing the actual jazz with the finest in
LA in the 50s....I wrote it for bass players after teaching it for
years with great success (and at the Henry Mancini Institute-UCLA
where I'm resident educator also). There's a different way that
bass players play bass and it's geared toward that customary way
altho' the theory and patterns are for everyone.
If
this theory talk seems a little over your head right now, I'd also
recommend the Bass Video Course which really gives you a good basic
workout for arpeggios, chordal notes, getting your theory together
and the exercises contained therein....it does spend a lot of time
on commercial music theory too which is important to grasp for any
kinds of work and styles other than jazz....but certainly it's critical
for jazz to have a good foundation so you know what the heck everyone
is talking about. It's not hard to learn when it's presented right
by a qualified teacher who has had experience in all this.
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tip
113

photo by Debby Hastings
|
Carol's
double-felt muting system for pick players |
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tip
112
Minor Blues
The Message -- BLUES, MINOR CHORD CHANGES (basic)
Gm7////
//// //// //// Cm7//// //// Gm7//// //// Eb9//// D9//// Gm7////
D7-9//// (or turnaround could be: Gm7// F// Eb// D7//)
Remember within this basic minor blues you can always back-cycle
-- 1st bar could be:
Gm7//// D7-9//// Gm7//// and change the last Gm7 to dominant to
resolve to either Cm7 or C7 (in some cases the iv chord can be IV7,
the pure 7th chord instead of minor: G7//// C7//// Am7-5//D7// Gm7////
//// variation of Eb7 to D7: D7//// Eb7//D7// Gm7//// Am7-5//D7/Ab9/
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tip
111
Three Basic Blues Chord Changes
The 3 forms of Blues:
G7//// //// //// //// C7//// //// G7//// //// D7//// C7//// G7////
D7////
which in Solfeggio (transposition) is:
I7//// //// //// //// IV7//// //// I7//// //// V7/// IV7//// I7////
V7////
Jazz Blues:
G7//// C7//// G7//// Dm7// G7// C7//// C#o//// G7//// E7//// Am7////
D7//// G7// E7// A7// D7// Solfeggio: I7//// IV7//// I7//// v7//
I7// IV7//// #ivo//// I7// VI7//// ii7//// V7//// I7// VI7// II7//
V7//
And the 3rd Version:
Gmaj7//// F#m7//B7// Em7//Ebm7// Dm7//G7// Cmaj7//// Cm7//F7// Bbmaj7////
Bbm7//Eb7// Abmaj7//// Am7//D7// Bm7//Bbm7// Am7//Ab7//
Solfeggio:
Imaj7//// vii7//III7// vi7//bvi7// v7//I7// IVmaj7//// iv7//bVII7//
bIIImaj7//// iii7//bVI7// bIImaj7//// ii7//V7// iii7//biii7// iim7//bII7//
As
you can tell, it's a lot "harder" to think in numbers
but once you do it a few times, you get used to it and then can
transpose to ANY KEY, a very useful tool in music.
Notice
that the minor chord situation it taken care of by switching from
Roman numberals to the dotted i's in Solfeggio, a very standard
procedure in all legit music schools (no, not quite the same in
Nashville which goes with the arabic system and has to write out
"m" for minor.....
Be
aware also that many chord charts will subsitute the dash "-"
for the small "m" for minor: A-7 is Am7 and the chart
will then follow suit all the way through with dashes indicating
minor chords.
There's
also many many variations on the last 2 forms above, for instance,
in the 2nd one, you can have this common variation in chords and
in fact leave out totally that #ivo chord in the 6th bar (C#o7 is
the same as C#o, same notes you can use: R b3 b5 bb7):
G7////
C7//C#o7// Dm7//// G7//Db9// C7//// Gm7//C7// G7//C7// Bm7-5//E7//
A7//// Am7//Ab13// G7//E7-9// Am7//D7/Ab13/
Solfeggio:
I7////
IV7//#ivo7// v7//// I7//bV9// IV7//// i7//IV7// I7//IV7// ii7-5//VI7//
II7//// ii7//bII13// I7//VI7-9// ii7//V7/ bII 13/
Notice
that the chord ii7-5 (Am7-5) the dash is also denoting the b5, some
people will write b5 and some people will write -5 on chord charts,
same thing as as some will write Am7 while others will write A-7
(all consistently within the entire chart). Only the 5th and the
9th are sometimes written as -5 or -9 to indicate b5 and b9 (the
"b's" here are FLATS).
The
dominant chords: 7th, 9ths, 11ths, and 13ths are all treated the
same way on elec. bass, all dominants -- you don't normally play
the 11ths, 13ths, those are for the chordal players (and for soloing
too) but sometimes you will play the 9ths.
Likewise
the last blues version, commonly popularized by Bird, Bud Powell,
Horace Silver, and Sonny Stitt etc., others in the late 40s and
early 50s with this kind of blues, can be altered here and there
too -- notice how I changed the last 2 bars (the turnaround) to
what I commonly refer to as the "Jazz turnaround", used
mainly by the better jazz groups back then and is more common now
among pop groups.
The
ordinary turnaround is I vi7 (or VI7) ii7 (or II7) V7 known as the
1 6 2 5, also can be iii VI7 ii7 V7 known as the 3 6 2 5, the 3
taking the place of the I chord (the Em7 chord is a G6 chord), the
Jazz turnaround is exactly the flat-5 pivoting chords of the orig.
I vi7 ii7 V7: G Em7 Am7 D7 = G Bb13 Ebmaj7 Ab13 (Bb is -5 of E,
Eb is -5 of A, Ab is -5 of D):
Gmaj7//G6//
F#m7-5//B7-9// Em7//A7// Dm7//G7/Db13/ Cmaj7//C6// Cm7/ F13// Bbmaj7//Bb6//
Bm7//E7-9// Am7//E7-9// Am7//Db13// Gmaj7/ Bb13// Ebmaj7//Ab13//
So
you see you can many different variations based on the basic original
chord themes of the 3 different kinds of Blues above.
Also,
on the turn-around bar, you don't always have to play those turn-around
chords when you're soloing, you can make it always G//// D7////
(and remember you can always change that D7 to a D+ -- augmented
chord also, simple alteration always).
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tip
110
Some
Quick Good Jazz Soloing Ideas
Now
a good chordal jazz soloing lesson of sorts. Take the standard,
"There Is No Greater Love". Notice how the chords after
the first Bbmaj7 are dominants....Eb7, Ab7, G7, C7 then F7. Here's
how you chordally work those:
The
Eb7 is the IV chord of Bb (cyclic) and Eb7 being a 7th chord, it's
basically like Bbm (Bbm/Eb7 tho't of as the "same" chord),
so for Bbmaj7, play a pattern, for Eb7, repeat that same pattern
UP 3 frets (major to minor), it's Dbmaj7 but you don't need to even
think of that (for Eb7, one of the listed chordal subs in my book
for dominants) and then for Ab7, play its Ebm, and for G7, play
its Dm (m9ths work fine too, or just stacked minor chords).
Then
you have time with the C7 and the F7, work your Gm stacked triads
for C7, and for F7, do something different to wrap up that 8 bars,
start with the Cm7 stacked triads (if you want), ending with the
Gbdim (start with F of course), or starting with F, do your diminish
w/parallel 4ths moving down
I
assume you've practiced your pattern/chordal note things in my books
(Jazz Improve For Bass & Pro's Jazz Phrases), all you need is
the very first note and your fingers know the rest - no thinking
required.
Or....change
the F7 to F+, the augmented chord always works for the dominant
(7th) chords, especially when resolved to the Tonic chord of Bb.
You'll see some great possibilities you can come up with the right
and easy ways of getting your jazz improv together - it gets to
be so much fun as my students and fans will tell you....have fun.
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tip
109
Pivotal
b5 Uses
You
can use the pivotal b5 patterns only when you're ready to cycle
to the next chord from a dominant:
G7
to C E7 to Am D7 to G7
It
doesn't matter what kind of chord you're resolving to major (tonic),
minor or 7th (dominant), you can use the pivotal b5 pattern at the
end of the 7th chord (G7, E7 or D7 above) to resolve to the next
cycle chord:
G7
you can use, say, the Dm stacked triad pattern (for G7) then use
the b5 pattern of G7 on the tail end: Db13 for instance or even
the Abm9 pattern (Db7 is the b5 of G7 so you can use both Db7 and
Abm9 or even Abm7...Joe Pass just uses the plain ol' Abm, and it
sounds great going to C of some sort).
E7
use Bb9 or Fm9 to resolve to Am
D7
use Ab7, Ab9, Ab13 or Ebm Ebm7 Ebm9 etc. to resolve to G of some
sort (Gmaj7 G6 Gmaj9 G6/9, or G6/9b5 etc. on the end or doesn't
matter what kind of G it is, it's a CYCLE chord, that's the crux
of this whole thing.
So....study
your cycle chords in patterns so you can jump to them without even
thinking. That's what good jazz soloing is all about, chords and
chord changes.
Rock
players in transition from rock to jazz CAN learn this orrect system
just fine. Just dig in and get your chordal progression phrases
and arpeggios together....you'll soon learn to do it the chordal
way, it's the only way to play fine jazz soloing.
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tip
108
How
Jazz Theory Evolved
Tim,
thanks for that message about my new "Jazz Improv For Bass"
book. It's the theory that is a continuation from the fine 50s jazz
ways of "thinking" (actually playing, you don't "think"
as you're playing jazz improv at all - you're thinking about "what
time does the gig end", "what do I have to get on the
way home" etc.), because you've taken all the necessary practicing
steps to learn your chordal progressions, substitute licks, patterns,
all that stuff.
Somehow,
in the rock era transition, this way of doing chordal progressions
and chordal theory (cycling, back-cycling, substitutions, extended
triads, moving chords around) got lost in the rock times of playing
music.
Having
taught this for years and years and finding out that my fellow musicians
who also did a lot of teaching (not every pro loves to teach nor
can teach well) do teach this way too, you notice that the rock
players who then teach mostly don't think in chords at all, but
think it's "scales over this and that"....no-one did it
that way at all in jazz when jazz was at its peak.
The
rockers who later got into teaching, writing books, trying to explain
jazz improv didn't know this way of doing jazz, and couldn't play
this at all but got off into fusion and pseudo jazz with scales
(talk about boring music and non-workable....jazz was formed from
chords of those standards, not in the 50s from rock and roll at
all, was non-existent).
So
there's a critical lack of the really pretty easy way of learning
jazz through chordal movements out there....and you have books with
the word "jazz" in them with horrible scales....one can
play those all day, know and discuss them on the internet, and NEVER
play music at all, never function in tunes with chord changes, etc.,
can't interpret chord charts, can't solo, except for show-off chops
that mean literally NOTHING in music, not saying anything of important
in music.
So
you have ignorant books teaching terrible things and people giving
up because they think it's "them", that they have no talent
to learn anything -- those books don't work.
This
book gives one a sense of real chords, the notes that make up the
real way of playing, hence the great foundation for Jazz Improv,
how it developed from chordal substitutes, etc. It's the right way
and actually, once you get to thinking chordally, it's simple...and
FUN!
Some
of my students (some pros) who for a minute tho't "oh, this
is hard" -- the ones who "knew all the scales and their
names", and had to simply listen to jazz (you can't play it
if you don't listen to it and know what it sounds like), and practice
a little bit (no playing country will not help you learn jazz that
much), get used to the feeling of being "the soloist",
something that bass players need help in at first -- hence the approach
is different than say a guitar book, and get their chordal-note
chops together...... it was amazing to see the quick ways they started
soloing.....I still get a kick out of everyone, to see the lightbulb
come on. It's such a joy.
And
it's something they have for the rest of their lives too. However,
for the finer approaches of playing soloing, you do have to play
pretty often to keep up the finer soloing. If you're going to futz
around with it, fine you can afford to work say only 3-4 times a
month, and practice a little for those gigs and still play pretty
well.
But
even Ray Brown said to a friend of mine when he asked him why he
works so much "I need to keep my chops up, it's easier to work
a lot than to just work here and there". He's right about that.
But how many are a "Ray Brown" and get a chance to work
that often and keep up with the finer ways of soloing?
Yet,
with this book, you have the exact phrases in soloing that Ray and
other top jazz musicians play. I don't believe in teaching corny
phrases and then say "OK, now you play the good phrases"!
That's un-productive and kind of an insult to boot. It's vital to
learn the right stuff, and then it's easy maintenance too.
I've
always taught all the great phrases you're going to play great with...no
sense in practicing stupid stuff to play great.
You
can learn better with the actual things you're going to play, and
really enjoy getting your music together, play good to start with,
not someone's imagined way of doing things (when they themselves
can't play it, and/or teach it right).
So
anyway, that's my philosophy, get someone playing immediately, give
them the good stuff to do it with and they've got something fine
the rest of their lives.
The
theory is correct and even more than you'll find in schools and
even universities who don't teach this way at all.....they literally
don't know how to put it together to teach the overview of jazz.....most
of us had a great chordal background in the 50s to do it with and
the rest got it by "ear" but that's a tough way of doing
it.
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tip
107
Latin
Music for Ideas in Funk Rhythms
Latin music was very popular in the 40s and 50s. If you played any
gigs, you would have to play at least 25% Latin songs, with their
different rhythms and styles and playing them on guitar was especially
fun, both from the rhythmic aspect and the soloing jazz on top of
it all.
For
bass players, it's a bonanza of ideas. All you have to do is listen
to the different rhythm instruments in any Latin band, be sure to
write down the rhythms, or tap it out until you can get to you bass
and try out the rhythmic patterns with your own blues notes and
voila! You have some funk patterns you won't believe, it's easy
as pie once you practice these different accented parts until they
feel that they are a part of you.
There
are lots of upbeat rhythms in Latin music and the laying on the
4th beat and holding that over the bar too (Motown-styles) on the
usual Latin bass parts and even on the big-band or combo arrangement
ideas....this is also easy to use but may be a lot different than
the rock that one normally plays, so practice this with the elec.
metronome to get the feel of it all with simple notes at first,
then you're more ready to try elaborate patterns (lots of notes)
with the rhythms. Remember where "1" is at all times.
Holding
the note over the bar (either from beat 4 and/or 4-an) is tricky
at first as most bass players feel comfortable hitting the "1"
only. This can be overcome tho', with practice and playing 2-3 notes
in a pattern (keeping it simple) and playing with the elec. metronome
on the backbeats only (2 and 4). You'll soon get it.
Most
bass players are not adept at playing upbeat patterns, don't feel
the upbeats, do not create the necessary groove upbeat patterns
for great bass lines.
Just
try 1 note at first to get the rhythm part of it down first, then
add 1-2 notes for the next round of practice before doing tougher
lines with more upbeat notes, you'll feel natural with this in due
time, especially if you put the metronome on 1/2 speed so it beats
on the 2nd and 4th beats (instead of 1-2-3-4, that's not the way
to do it, it'll turn you into a robot within a short time, keep
the metronome on 2 and 4 like a drummer's back-beat, that's the
best).
You
only want the metronome on 1-2-3-4 when you're practicing difficult
16th-note patterns to get the intricacy of the rhythms for a very
short time, otherwise, it's 2 and 4.
I
got a kick out of hearing about one seminarist who recently gave
a workshop in one of the biggest Universities -- he was talking
about how Latin music influenced rock and roll recordings of the
60s in rhythms (he's right it did, yet gets no credit nor recognition
for it) and quoted my name and then proceeded to show how I developed
my 16th patterns from Latin patterns.....I was thrilled to hear
about it, as I've always said my bass playing was Latin in the Boogaloo,
Funk, etc. yet my pro-students are surprised when I say that.
He
described all the various styles I recorded and proceeded to tell
the class where my lines came from -- we need more of these people
who speak the truth. But also I have to add....I did play 100s of
record dates first on guitar before I ever touched the bass. And
a lot of my rhythms also come from the same rhythmic feel of various
styles of music I played as a rhythm (and sometimes a soloist or
just a fill player too) guitarist on those dates, let alone all
the live professional guitar work I did for 8 years before I ever
set foot in a studio. No, it was just latin, a great deal of the
funky stuff.
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tip
106
Remember
when you're reading chord charts, the Real Book doesn't usually
have the inside chordal changes that you should be aware about.
That
is, on the 8th bar of "Green Dolphin Street" there's just
the same chord of "C". Since the next bar begins with
Dm, you should play A7 for either that whole bar before, or at least
the 2 beats before the Dm chord to set up the Dm chord (cyclic).
In
"All The Things You Are", when it lands in the key of
G (mid-way through), there's 2 bars of G there. Then you play the
Am chord starting the ii V7 I pattern). On the 2 bars of G, here
is what you would normally play (and it's NOT written either) to
resolve to the bar of Am (this is about the 15th and 16th bar of
the tune):
G//
C7// Bm// E7(b9)// resolving to the Am and the last 1/2 of the tune.
Similar
to Satin Doll on the 7th and 8th bar coming back into the Dm of
the 2nd 8 of the tune (key of C): C// F7// Em7b5// A7// you see
how the A7 then resolves to the start of the 2nd 8th bars (Dm7).
When
you're walking jazz style too, remember to skip over chordal notes
of that chord you're playing for better walking lines too...you
can still create hills and valleys, but you don't always have to
creat a "straight line up" nor a "straight line down",
learn to skip around the chordal notes, some notes up high of the
chord, then another note low, then high etc.
You
need to know your chordal note arpeggios so your fingers can automatically
and easily find these notes.
A
lot of this is noted in my "Standards I" charts and tape
item (see catalog page). These inside chord changes are not on the
orig. "Real Book" charts at all, and in fact, some of
the Real Book chord changes not only leave a lot to be desired,
but are in some places downright wrong. But that's all you have
when it comes to chord changes for standards.
However,
once you go through my Standards I item, you start seeing the right
ways to interpret the Real Book, the inside ways of thinking about
chords and chordal progressions, and you learn to simplify it all
very well.
Even
for walking purposes, you use the solo idea of always thinking of
the ii7 and the V7 as the "same chord" when there is a
V7 chord i.e., you can always insert a ii7 for the first part of
V7. Soloists sometimes play just the ii7 chord for the V7 (and vice-versa
when the chords ii7 V7 come in that order, you can use the V7 and
its subs for both chords, you don't have to change with each chord
that way).
And
you can walk this way too.....you can move "chords around"
with your walking the same as chordal players do but this takes
practice and listening to people like Ray Brown, how they interpret
chordal charts of the standards for awhile and experimenting for
awhile. You soon get the hang of it.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tip
105
Many
new swing big bands have CDs out with elec. bass, it's beginning
get more common and most sound pretty good I have to say, well-balanced
with their sound pretty close to acoustic. But.....I do have some
suggestions to many who used to be rockers and want to play swing
now:
(1)
Keep your notes nice and long (as well as your sound fairly good
with lows and some mid-range).
(2)
When you walk, it's OK to put an occasional "hump" (double-note)
in there, ala Ray Brown (and listen ONLY to Ray Brown, he's the
best and the ultimate in walking taste, well, LeRoy Vinnegar was
too but I still like Ray the best). But, having played a lot of
rock and all, you may be tempted to be playing those in too many
places (almost making the tune sound like a rock-shuffle) -- be
cautious with that.
(3)
Make sure, you blend well with the drummer and horns for that "band-sounding-like-one-man"
feel and unity feel. This means not playing too loudly, you don't
want to "take over" the band, but yet, not too soft too.
And if you are playing a 5-string bass, stay OFF that low B string
- it will control the band too much.
(4)
Have your time-sense so well put-together, that everyone can rely
on your sense of time (and don't ride on the drummer's beat, you
two must "pull-together" neither one riding on each other's
beat....sometimes, that's impossible as the drummer might not have
an excellent time-sense, then you have to set it well, so he can
grasp your feel, and vice-versa). You do this by practicing your
walking with the metronome beating on beats 2 and 4 (get that by
counting 1-1-2-3-4 while the metronome is beating 1/2 the speed
you're playing at).
Other
things are involved with reading big-band charts to like: when you
have to look down at your neck (if you play with the pivoting left-hand
technique I teach, this won't happen very often), mentally "circle"
where you are on the music, quickly look at your neck, then come
back to the "circled part" and voila, you're back in.
When
you're playing the same pattern over and over, really learn how
to feel sections in 8-bar phrases. Also, mark your part when certain
sections come in, piano solos, drum part fills, horn unisons, etc.
and you can quickly find your place too.
Elec.
bass is making a big splash with swing bands, and that's nice to
see and hear.
On
one name recording, the bass player sounded very good -- however,
the only objection I heard is that occasionally, he puts in way
too many of those humping things, making it almost sound a little
rockish in a few spots, and his sound could have used a lot less
mid-range (Jaco-sounds) with better bottom and of course he needed
a piece of muting underneath his strings to stop all the apparant
under- and over-tones.... it could have been so much better.
The
bass player's time-sense could have been better (he and the guitarist
rushed here and there on this otherwise fine dixieland recording,
but the fine drummer kept them in check), just my critical opinions.
But these are common things to think about.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tip
104
Hi
CAROL and all..........DON, I have my copy right here, it's called
"The Nashville Numbering System" by Neal Matthews Jr.
of the Jordanaires. Amazon.com still has it. I bought it several
years ago when I had to whip up some number charts pronto for a
country gig.......John McC
John
McCoy <jpmccoy@pacifier.com> Portland, OR
Submitted
at: 6:51 on Tuesday, July 13, 1999
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tip
103
About
playing the pick with the technique I use. It's just a natural flat
wrist technique that lets ANYONE play HARD on the bass, getting
big hard sounds (jimp?) without working at it. ANYONE can easily
play that way ALL DAY AND NIGHT (which I had to do in the 60s studios
for years) and NEVER get tired....the only thing we all got tired
of was boredom and *sitting*, that was tough. When you have the
easy correct picking technique (and yes the hard pick does help
with good sounds and ease of picking too), then it's really nothing
to do that, NO EFFORT AT ALL. When I watch how others play so awful
with their arched wrists, or pinkie laying on the board (ugh!),
it just amazes me that they have no idea how to use the pick on
bass at all, it's all so simple. Lay your hand down on the strings
(no never as a "mute" but as a guide for the thumb muscle)
and keep the pinkie up in the air slightly to cock your right wrist
so you naturally use the natural tough strength in the wrist to
pick the bass. This technique is shown at great length on BOTH video
courses: Bass Video Course and "Music Reading Pracitce"
split-screen 2-video set. Boogaloo and deep bass sounds are easy
and you hardly have to hit the string to get a "man's"
sound as one confused pro put it.....no you don't have to be built
like a "man" to get a "man's" sound.
Carol
Submitted
at: 15:06 on Monday, July 12, 1999
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tip 102
Jerry,
yes your sounds are great with a hard pick and the versatility is
something, from deep bass (they'll accuse you tho' of playing w/fingers,
it's so deep-sounding) to the highest pick-sound (but w/the bottom
left in!). I made some mistakes on many hit recordings, but hardly
any in the TV film/movie studios where accuracy is most-needed.
As to the recordings, can you see the dancers on the dancefloor
saying "darling, did you just hear that bad note on the bassline?"
Just practice the lines in my books, you'll get there just fine.
Carol
Submitted
at: 22:31 on Saturday, July 10, 1999
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tip 101
Yes,
*you* can play fine bass too, many guitarists do it. It's a different
thing tho' than classical guitar, you got to *hit it* and classical
guitar is a lot more sensitive. But yes, you can do it. I'd for
sure get the Standards I package on the books page on my site, and
if you don't have it, the "Jazz Bass tape & guide"
(and maybe the Bass Video Course too to get the idea of the commercial
stuff which you will use in church...they're very hip with their
excellent bands with all styles of music in church. Good luck, and
thanks again for your nice comments about our bunch of musicians...that's
the stuff to study alright. Best, CK
Carol
Submitted
at: 20:28 on Wednesday, July 7, 1999
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